Simultaneous Interpreting
Simultaneous interpreting is when the interpreter
talks at the same time as the speaker, usually in a conference
or meeting.
Simultaneous interpreting is performed by more than
one (two) interpreter. Special equipment and facilities are necessary:
interpreters operate from a booth and use special audio hardware.
Consecutive interpreting
In consecutive interpreting, the interpreter starts
speaking after the source-text speaker has finished. (The speech
may be divided into sections).
Normally, in consecutive interpreting, the interpreter is alongside
the speaker, listening and taking notes as the speech progresses.
When the speaker has finished, or comes to a pause, the interpreter
reproduces (consecutively) the message in the target language,
in its entirety and as though he or she were making the original
speech.
Escort interpreting
In escort interpreting, an interpreter accompanies
a person or a delegation on a tour, on a visit, or to a meeting
or interview. This is liaison interpreting.
Focus Group (Marketing) interpreting
I n focus group interpreting, an interpreter sits
in a sound proof booth or in an observers'room with the clients.
The interpreter can observe the participants, but they only see
their own reflection. The interpreter hears the conversation in
the original language through headphones and simultaneously interprets
into the target language for the clients.
Legal/court interpreting
Legal interpreting, or court or judicial interpreting,
takes place in courts of justice or administrative tribunals and
wherever a legal proceeding is held . Legal interpreting can take
the form of consecutive interpreting of witnesses' statements,
for example, or simultaneous interpreting of the entire proceedings
by electronic means for one or more of the people in attendance.
Depending on the regulations and standards adhered
to per state and venue, court interpreters usually work alone
when providing consecutive interpreting services, or as a team
when simultaneous interpreting is required.
Often they are required to have formal authorisation
from the State to work in the courts — and are then called
sworn interpreters.
Sign language interpreting
When hearing person speaks, an interpreter will render
the speaker's meaning into the sign language used by the deaf
party. This may be performed either as simultaneous or consecutive
interpreting.
Whispered interpreting
In whispered interpreting, (also called "chuchotage"
after the French word for the same) the interpreter sits or stands
next to the (small) intended audience and interprets simultaneously
in a whisper. This mode does not require any equipment.
Whispered interpretation is often used in situations
when the majority of a group speaks one language, and a limited
number of people (ideally no more than three) do not speak that
language.
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